La Via Campesina
A Via Campesina, o movimento camponês global que primeiro colocou a soberania alimentar no cenário mundial, compreende 182 organizações locais e nacionais em 81 países, representando cerca de 200 milhões de pequenos produtores alimentares em todo o mundo.
Fundada em 1993, a Via Campesina é um movimento internacional que reúne milhões de camponeses, trabalhadores sem terra, povos indígenas, pastores, pescadores, trabalhadores agrícolas migrantes, pequenos e médios agricultores, mulheres rurais e jovens camponeses de todo o mundo. Construída sobre um sólido sentido de unidade e solidariedade, defende a agricultura camponesa para a soberania alimentar, definida como “o direito dos povos a alimentos saudáveis e culturalmente apropriados, produzidos através de métodos ecologicamente corretos e sustentáveis e o seu direito de definir os seus sistemas alimentares e agrícolas”.
A Via Campesina insiste que diversos modos de produção agroecológicos, conduzidos pelos camponeses, baseados em séculos de experiência e evidências acumuladas, são fundamentais para garantir uma alimentação saudável a todos, permanecendo em harmonia com a natureza. Para alcançar a soberania alimentar, a Via Campesina mobiliza e defende a reforma agrária nos territórios camponeses e oferece formação em métodos de produção agroecológicos. Esta coligação global é também uma plataforma para os seus membros em todo o mundo comunicarem e realizarem ações conjuntas de solidariedade, mobilizações e campanhas em defesa da terra, da água, das sementes e das florestas.
Nas últimas três décadas, a Via Campesina lutou com sucesso por um lugar à mesa em vários espaços políticos globais. Um destaque deste trabalho é a Declaração das Nações Unidas sobre os Direitos dos Camponeses e Outras Pessoas que Trabalham em Áreas Rurais, adotada pela Assembleia Geral da ONU em 2018, após 17 anos de negociações pacientemente lideradas pela Via Campesina e seus aliados. Esta Declaração está entre os instrumentos internacionais essenciais que defendem os direitos dos pequenos produtores de alimentos e é uma ferramenta crucial na implementação da soberania alimentar.
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