La Via Campesina
La Vía Campesina, el movimiento campesino global que fue el primero en poner la soberanía alimentaria en el escenario mundial, está compuesta por 182 organizaciones locales y nacionales en 81 países, que representan a unos 200 millones de pequeños productores de alimentos en todo el mundo.
Fundada en 1993, La Vía Campesina es un movimiento internacional que reúne a millones de campesinos, trabajadores sin tierra, pueblos indígenas, pastores, pescadores, trabajadores agrícolas migrantes, pequeños y medianos agricultores, mujeres rurales y jóvenes campesinos de todo el mundo. Construido sobre un sólido sentido de unidad y solidaridad, defiende la agricultura campesina para la soberanía alimentaria, definida como “el derecho de los pueblos a alimentos sanos y culturalmente apropiados, producidos mediante métodos ecológicamente racionales y sostenibles, y su derecho a definir sus sistemas alimentarios y agrícolas”.
La Vía Campesina insiste en que los diversos modos de producción agroecológica impulsados por los campesinos, basados en siglos de experiencia y evidencia acumulada, son fundamentales para garantizar alimentos saludables para todos y al mismo tiempo permanecer en armonía con la naturaleza. Para lograr la soberanía alimentaria, La Vía Campesina moviliza y aboga por la reforma agraria en territorios campesinos y brinda capacitación sobre métodos de producción agroecológica. Esta coalición global es también una plataforma para que sus miembros en todo el mundo se comuniquen y lleven a cabo acciones, movilizaciones y campañas solidarias conjuntas en defensa de la tierra, el agua, las semillas y los bosques.
Durante las últimas tres décadas, La Vía Campesina ha luchado con éxito por un lugar en la mesa de negociaciones en una variedad de espacios políticos globales. Un punto destacado de este trabajo es la Declaración de las Naciones Unidas sobre los derechos de los campesinos y otras personas que trabajan en zonas rurales, adoptada por la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas en 2018, tras 17 años de negociaciones dirigidas pacientemente por La Vía Campesina y sus aliados. Esta Declaración se encuentra entre los instrumentos internacionales esenciales que defienden los derechos de los pequeños productores de alimentos y es una herramienta crucial en la implementación de la soberanía alimentaria.
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