Unión de Organizaciones de la Sierra Juárez de Oaxaca (UNOSJO)
Las comunidades rurales de México se enfrentan a una serie de amenazas, desde la contaminación genética por cultivos transgénicos hasta el desplazamiento a raíz de megaproyectos de gran envergadura. Pese a todo, los movimientos de base como UNOSJO están dando batalla.
La Unión de Organizaciones de la Sierra Juárez de Oaxaca (UNOSJO), ubicada en Oaxaca (México), coordina acciones dirigidas por comunidades indígenas zapotecas para defender sus territorios y formas de vida, al tiempo que construyen la soberanía alimentaria desde la base. En la batalla contra el maíz transgénico, UNOSJO ejerce un liderazgo clave. Esta lucha no solo abarca el estado de Oaxaca, sino que trasciende a nivel nacional gracias a su articulación con otros movimientos. Las iniciativas para analizar maíz en laboratorio han aportado pruebas vitales que demuestran que los organismos modificados genéticamente (OMG) han contaminado las variedades tradicionales de maíz de México, lo que ha dado lugar a importantes cambios en la política. UNOSJO es también una voz destacada en la protección de las cuencas hídricas y el acceso al agua. Además, se opone a los megaproyectos extractivistas, a REDD+ («Reducción de Emisiones por Deforestación y Degradación Forestal») y a otras formas de apropiación de recursos bajo el pretexto de la «conservación».
Al mismo tiempo que resiste, quienes integran UNOSJO construyen alternativas de forma activa. Por ejemplo, llevan a cabo iniciativas como la promoción de técnicas y productos agrícolas ancestrales a través de su Feria de la Milpa, la conservación de semillas autóctonas y la colaboración con las autoridades comunales para apoyar la autonomía y el poder político de las comunidades indígenas. También incluye formas creativas de educación popular. En 2021, UNOSJO publicó un hermoso libro titulado El maíz de la abuela, que refleja el diálogo entre una abuela y su nieto sobre la importancia del maíz indígena y los peligros de los transgénicos. UNOSJO hace hincapié en el liderazgo de las mujeres y de la juventud, lo que incluye el apoyo a la participación de las mujeres en los órganos de liderazgo local y la organización de instancias de formación para jóvenes sobre la defensa del territorio.
UNOSJO, en reconocimiento de la naturaleza global de sus luchas y para amplificar aún más su influencia, participa activamente del movimiento campesino mundial La Vía Campesina. Como parte de su labor, UNOSJO desempeñó un papel importante en el lanzamiento del Instituto Latinoamericano de Agroecología de México (IALA México) en 2022.
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