Associação em Áreas de Assentamento no Estado do Maranhão – ASSEMA (Association des zones de peuplement de l’État de Maranhão)
De nombreux·ses habitant·e·s de Médio Mearim, dans le Maranhão, considèrent la noix de babaçu comme un symbole de la richesse naturelle de leur région. Alors que l'agro-industrie menace la survie même de cette noix et des personnes qui en dépendent, l'ASSEMA organise les agriculteur·rice·s locaux·les et les cueilleur·se·s de noix pour défendre leur mode de vie.
Dans la région de Médio Mearim, dans l’État de Maranhão, au Brésil, l’agro-industrie agressive et les mégaprojets dévastent les ressources naturelles et la vie des paysannes, des personnes non conformes au genre et de leurs familles. La région était autrefois parsemée de forêts naturelles de noix de babaçu. Aujourd’hui, l’agro-industrie a défriché une grande partie de ces forêts pour y installer des plantations d’eucalyptus et de canne à sucre ou des élevages de bétail. La plupart des forêts de babaçu restantes sont désormais situées sur des terres privées, de sorte que la population locale n’y a souvent plus le libre accès, comme autrefois, pour collecter les précieuses noix qui assurent la subsistance des familles et des communautés. Au lieu de cela, elle est contrainte d’effectuer des travaux mal rémunérés pour les grands propriétaires terriens. Ce bouleversement n’est pas seulement environnemental ou économique ; il est également culturel. Pour de nombreuses personnes de la région, la noix de babaçu et ses forêts symbolisent la richesse naturelle de Médio Mearim. Pour faire face à cette situation, l’Association des zones de colonisation de l’État du Maranhão (ASSEMA) organise des milliers de familles rurales dans le nord-est du Brésil pour qu’elles restent sur place et vivent des exploitations agricoles acquises dans le cadre de la réforme agraire. Fondée par des femmes courageuses qui ont choisi de se battre pour leur communauté plutôt que d’accepter les expulsions, l’ASSEMA met l’accent sur la valeur du travail des femmes et des personnes non conformes au genre, ainsi que sur le respect des cultures indigènes et de l’environnement. Avec le soutien de l’ASSEMA, les femmes rurales et les personnes LGBTQIA+ mènent des campagnes pour protéger le palmier de babaçu et leurs moyens de subsistance en tant que cueilleuses de noix de babaçu. Par le biais de coopératives et d’associations locales, les récolteuses de noix de babaçu sont en mesure de vendre leurs produits à un prix équitable et de bénéficier de redevances pour l’utilisation de leurs connaissances traditionnelles par les entreprises cosmétiques. L’ASSEMA soutient également l’utilisation généralisée de pratiques agricoles biologiques qui incluent la culture intercalaire des arbres à babaçu avec des céréales et des plantes fruitières. Ces initiatives seront agrémentées de stratégies de transformation des fruits qui renforceront la valeur économique des cultures locales et permettront d’atteindre certains des principaux objectifs de l’ASSEMA : accroître la productivité des pratiques agricoles familiales de subsistance, diversifier les régimes alimentaires et les revenus locaux, et développer une base économique durable pour les familles paysannes pauvres de la région.
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