Unión de Organizaciones de la Sierra Juárez de Oaxaca – UNOSJO) (Union des organisations de la Sierra Juárez de Oaxaca)
Les communautés rurales du Mexique sont confrontées à une multitude de menaces, allant de la contamination génétique par les cultures d'OGM au déplacement en raison de mégaprojets à grande échelle. Mais des mouvements de base comme l'UNOSJO s'y opposent.
Basée à Oaxaca, au Mexique, l’Union des organisations de la Sierra Juárez de Oaxaca (UNOSJO) coordonne les actions menées par les communautés autochtones zapotèques pour défendre leurs territoires et leurs modes de vie tout en construisant la souveraineté alimentaire à partir de la base. L’UNOSJO est un leader de la résistance au maïs OGM, à la fois dans l’État d’Oaxaca et, en articulation avec d’autres mouvements, au niveau national. Ses efforts en matière d’analyse du maïs en laboratoire ont fourni des preuves vitales de la contamination par les OGM des variétés traditionnelles de maïs au Mexique, ce qui a conduit à d’importants changements de politique. L’UNOSJO est également une voix de premier plan dans la protection des bassins versants et de l’accès à l’eau, dans la résistance aux mégaprojets d’extraction et dans la lutte contre la REDD+ (« Réduction des émissions dues à la déforestation et à la dégradation des forêts ») et d’autres formes d’accaparement des ressources sous couvert de « conservation ». Parallèlement à la résistance de ses membres, ces derniers s’emploient tout aussi activement à mettre en place des alternatives. Il s’agit notamment de promouvoir les techniques et les produits agricoles ancestraux par le biais de la Feria de la Milpa (Foire de la Milpa), de préserver les semences indigènes et de travailler avec les autorités communales pour soutenir l’autonomie et le pouvoir politique des communautés autochtones. Elle comprend également des formes créatives d’éducation populaire. En 2021, l’UNOSJO a publié un beau livre intitulé « El Maiz de la Abuela » (Le maïs de mamie), centré sur un dialogue entre une grand-mère et son petit-fils au sujet de l’importance du maïs indigène et des dangers des OGM. L’UNOSJO met l’accent sur le leadership des femmes et des jeunes, notamment en promouvant l’implication des femmes dans les organes de direction locaux et en organisant des formations pour les jeunes sur la défense du territoire. En reconnaissance de la nature globale de ses luttes et pour amplifier son impact, l’UNOSJO est un membre actif du mouvement paysan mondial La Vía Campesina. À ce titre, l’UNOSJO a joué un rôle important dans le lancement de l’Institut latino-américain d’agroécologie du Mexique, IALA Mexico, en 2022.
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